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Acetic acid

04 Carbon and its compound

ETHANOIC ACID (OR ACETIC ACID)

  • Ethanoic acid (CH3COOH) is a carboxylic acid, commonly called as acetic acid.
  • It has a density of 1.05 g/cm3, making it slightly heavier than water.
ethanoicAcid

WHAT IS ACETIC ACID?

  • Acetic acid is the common name for the systematic name for ethanoic acid.
  • It is mostly used as preservatives in pickles by adding 5-8% of acetic acid in water , making it turn into vinegar.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ETHANOIC ACID

  • It is a colourless liquid having a sour taste and a smell of vinegar.
  • The boiling point of ethanoic acid is (391K).
  • When pure ethanoic acid is cooled, it freezes to form a colorless, ice-like solid which looks like a glacier. Due to this, pure ethanoic acid is called glacial ethanoic caid or glacial acetic acid.).
  • Ethanoic acid is miscible with water in all proportions.

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ETHANOIC ACID

ACTION ON LITMUS

  • Ethanoic acid is acidic in nature. So, it turns blue litmus solution red.

REACTION WITH SODIUM CARBONATE

  • Ethanoic acid reacts with carbonates and hydrogencarbonates to evolve carbon dioxide gas along with the formation of salt and water.
  • Example:. Ethanoic acid reacts with sodium carbonate to form sodium ethanoate and carbon dioxide gas:
sodiumCarbonate

REACTION WITH SODIUM HYDROGENCARBONATE.

  • Ethanoic acid reacts with sodium hydrocarbonate to evolve brisk effervescence of carbon dioxide gas:
sodiumHydroCarbo

REACTION WITH SODIUM HYDROXIDE

  • Ethanoic acid reacts with bases (or alkalis) to form salts and water.
  • For example, ethanoic acid reacts with sodium hydroxide to form a salt called sodium ethanoate and water:
sodiumHydroxide

REACTION WITH ALCOHOLS (FORMATION OF ESTERS)

  • Ethanoic acid reacts with alcohols in the presence of a little of concentrated sulphuric acid to for, esters.
  • For example, when ethanoic acid is warmed with ethanol in the presence of a few drops of concentrated sulphuric acid, a sweet smelling component called ethyl ethanoate is formed:
alcohols
  • Esters are usually volatile liquids having sweet smell or pleasant smell.
    • They are also said to have fruity smell.
    • Esters are used in making artificial perfumes (artificial scents).
    • Esters are also used as flavouring agents.

USES OF ETHANOIC ACID (OR ACETIC ACID)

  • Dilute ethanoic acid (in the form of vinegar) is used as a food preservative in the preparation of pickles and sauces (like tomato sauce). As vinegar, it is also used as an appetizer for dressing food dishes.
  • It is used for making cellulose acetate which is an important artificial fibre.
  • It is used in the manufacture of acetone (propanone) and esters used in perfumes.
  • It is used to coagulate rubber from latex.
  • The reaction of esters with alkalis gives carboxylic acid salt and alcohol which is used in the making of soaps by the process called saponification reaction.
CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH  C2H5OH + CH3COONa

Ethyl ethonate      sodium hydroxide    ethanol     sodium ethanoate

  • Used as an agent to lyse red blood cells before white blood cells are examined.
  • Used as a solvent in the production of camphor, a scent and cooking ingredient.
  • Used as a stop bath for photographic emulsion development.
  • Farmers sometimes spray acetic acid on livestock silage to fight fungal and bacterial growth.

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